Guide Note

Originally enacted in 2001, the Patriot Act is intended to expand the rights and authorities of law enforcement agencies in order to more effectively combat Terrorism in the United States and abroad. Key provisions include the increased ability of law enforcement to search telephone, email, financial, medical and other records, expanded authority of the U.S. Treasury to restrict individual financial transactions and expanded ability of immigration officers to detain and deport immigrants suspected of terrorism. The act also controversially included domestic terrorism in its operational definition, effectively expanding the scope of newly enhanced law enforcement powers over a greater number of activities and individuals. The Patriot Act has been criticized for eroding Civil Liberties and was opposed by both Republicans and Democrats alike. Signed by President George W. Bush, most of the provisions of the act were made permanent on March 9, 2006.

Fast Facts

1. Originially signed into law October 26, 2001
2. Many provisions scheduled to "sunset" beginning in December 31, 2005
3. Singed into permanent law on March 9, 2006
4. Considered a reaction to the 9/11 attacks
5. Proponents argue the Patriot Act is a necessary provision in the fight against terror
6. A Justice Department audit revealed the FBI underreported its use of the Patriot Act to acquire customer information from private and public companies
7. The Combat Methamphetamine Act of 2005 was part of the Patriot Act renewal, mandating that certain over-the-counter cold medicines commonly used in illegal drug production must be kept behind locked displays