Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is when the coronary arteries narrow or harden and plaque builds up on the inner walls. When the arteries harden, sufficient blood cannot get to the heart, which becomes starved of oxygen and nutrients, leading to illness and, frequently, death. It is the most common type of heart disease.

Fast Facts

1. Also known as: Coronary heart disease
2. Defined as: atherosclerosis of coronary arteries
3. Leading cause of death in US
4. Sufferers: 14 million Americans

Risk factors

1. Family history
2. Smoking
3. Diabetes
4. Obesity
5. Age
6. High blood pressure
7. High cholesterol
8. A sedentary lifestyle

Prevention

While people cannot prevent aging or change whether their parents had coronary artery disease, there are many lifestyle factors that can be modified to reduce the risk of the disease. A healthy diet and exercise are key to reducing chances of coronary artery disease: the two combined can reduce weight, which can often reduce high blood pressure, and can also reduce one's chances of getting diabetes. When diet cannot fix high blood pressure, doctors will often turn to medication. A diet change can reduce cholesterol, as can medication. Smokers should quit in order to reduce their chances of coronary artery disease.

Symptoms

1. Exertion causes chest pain or shortness of breath
2. Heart palpitations
3. Dizziness or light-headedness
4. Irregular heartbeat

Treatment

Common non-medical treatments for coronary artery disease are lifestyle changes to increase exercise and improve the healthiness of the patient's diet. If these are not effective, doctors may prescribe medications. In severe cases, more direct medical intervention may be needed. These treatments include angioplasty and stent placement. In the most severe cases, heart bypass surgery may be necessary.

Consequences

1. Angina
2. Heart attack
3. Heart failure
4. Arrhythmias

Disclaimer

The content in this page is not a substitute for professional medical advice. If you think you have Coronary Artery Disease, please consult your doctor.

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