Guide Note

Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator, born in 69 BC, co-ruled Egypt with her father, Ptolemy XII, and later with her brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. By allying herself with Roman Emperor Julius Caesar, she was able to run her brother off and take control of Egypt. She then ruled the country alongside her son Cesarion, from 44 BC to 30 BC.

Fast Facts

Born January, 69 BC
Four children: 1 by Julius Caesar, 3 by Mark Antony
2 brothers: Ptolemy III and Ptolemy XIV
Predecessor: Ptolemy XII
Considered the last pharaoh of Egypt
Sister, Arsinoe, executed by Mark Antony
Only member of her family to learn Egyptian
Died: 30 BC

Timeline

January, 69 BC: Born
51 BC: Reign Began with Ptolemy XIII
47 BC: Gave birth Cesarion
44 BC: Caesar's assassination
42 BC: Met Mark Antony
40 BC: Gave birth to twins
34 BC: Crowned co-ruler of Egypt and Cyprus
August 12, 30 BC: Died

End of the Hellenistic Era

Cleopatra VII is considered to be the last Pharaoh of Egypt. Her reign saw the end of the Hellenistic Era and the dawn of the Roman Era.

The Hellenistic Era was a period of time that was filled with Greek power and influence following the achievements of Alexander the Great.

The Roman Era was a period of time following the Hellenistic. Ancient Rome was considered to be the seat of power in the Mediterranean area.

Categories

History | Ancient Egypt

View Note History

Cleopatra VII

The Mahalo Top 7

Egyptology Online: The Infamous Cleopatra
Tour Egypt: Cleopatra VII biography
Wikipedia: Cleopatra VII
Guardian Unlimited: Essay: "Cleopatra: from history to myth" (March 18, 2003)
Directory: Cleopatra on the Web
Channel 4: AD 1: Cleopatra overview
Video: Cleopatra VII Queen of Egypt - SLAVIC QUEEN OF EGYPT?? (Time: 7:01)

Cleopatra VII Background and Profiles

BBC: Historic Figures: Cleopatra VII
My Macedonia: Cleopatra VII the Last of the Great Macedonian Monarchs
KingTutOne.com: Egypt's Last Pharoah
University of Chicago: Incidental notes on Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator
Livius.org: Cleopatra Thea

Julius Caesar

Wikipedia: Julius Caesar
Internet Classics Archive: "Caesar" by Plutarch

Mark Antony

BBC News: Coin shows Cleopatra's ugly truth (February 14, 2007)
Eyewitness to History.com: Cleopatra Seduces Antony, 41 BC
Wikipedia: Mark Antony
KingTutOne.com: Antony and Cleopatra
MSN Encarta: Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony
SFUSD: Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony
The Internet Classics Archive: "Antony" by Plutarch

Civil War

Wikipedia: Final War of the Roman Republic and Augustus
Vroma: Antony, Octavian, Cleopatra VII: The End of the Republic

Suicide

History.com: 30 BC: Cleopatra commits suicide
University of Chicago: The Death of Cleopatra
SFUSD: Deaths of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII
The Atrium: Cleopatra's Suicide

Cleopatra VII Images and Media

Google Image Search: Cleopatra VII
Isidore of Seville: Ancient images | Renaissance to 1800 | 19th Century | Contemporary
Beloit College: Cleopatra images

Cleopatra VII Books and Research

Amazon.com: Cleopatra VII search
Barnes and Noble: Cleopatra search

Online Texts

University of Chicago: Excerpt from The House of Ptolemy by E.R. Bevan
Project Gutenberg: Cleopatra by Jacob Abbott

Discoveries and Exhibitions

Hermitage Museum: Arsinoe or Cleopatra?
The British Museum: Cleopatra search
Guardian Unlimited: How did the British Museum get its Cleopatra exhibition so wrong? (2001)
CNN: Sphinx of Cleopatra's father emerges from waves (1998)
Discovery.ca: Raising the lost city of Cleopatra (1998)
BBC News: Divers probe underwater palace (1998)

Cleopatra VII Timeline

69 B.C.: Born
51 B.C.: Co-Ruled with Ptolemy XIII
51 B.C.: Exiled to Syria by her brother
48 B.C.: Returned from exile to form an allegiance with Julius Caesar
47 B.C.: Gave birth to Caesarion
44 B.C.: Thought to be in Rome during Caesar's assassination
40 B.C.: Birthed twins by Mark Antony
37 B.C.: Married Mark Antony
37 B.C.: Birthed third child by Mark Antony
34 B.C.: Crowned herself "Queen of Kings"
30 B.C.: Committed suicide by being bitten by an asp

Fictional Representations of Cleopatra VII

Art Institute of Chicago: Cleopatra: The Enduring Icon
Middlebury College: Cleopatra's Infinite Variety
Isidore of Seville: Cleopatra images from Movies, Plays and Opera
Alibris: The Memoirs of Cleopatra VII by Margaret George

Films

IMDb: Films about Cleopatra
Note: The majority of the links in this timeline are to IMDb, which has pop-ups.
1912: Cleopatra
1917: Cleopatra
1934: Cleopatra
1945: Caesar and Cleopatra
1953: Serpent of the Nile
1963: Cleopatra
1964: Carry on Cleo
1972: Antony and Cleopatra
1999: Cleopatra (TV Movie)
2002: Astérix & Obélix: Mission Cléopâtre

Plays

MIT: Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra: Complete Play
Google Book Search: Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra: Complete Play

Cleopatra VII Blogs and Message Boards

Guardian Unlimited: Arts Blog: Changing the face of Cleopatra (February 14, 2007)
Free Republic: Cleopatra VII was a Blonde (2005)
RealTravel: A Trip to Cleopatra's Old Stomping Grounds (2006)
Google Blog Search: Cleopatra

Related Searches

Julius Caesar | Mark Antony | Antony and Cleopatra | Augustus | Caesarion | Ptolemy XIII | History of Ancient Egypt

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